Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS) is an airline flight instrument to avoid midair collisions
between aircraft. The International Civil Aviation Organization prescribed for
airplanes of over 5 700 kg and for those authorized to carry more than 19
passengers.
TCAS signals to the pilot any aircraft
equipped with TCAS (or transponder Mode C) as soon as, according to the
settings made in advance by the driver at a distance ranging from less than 2.5
to less than 30 miles.
In the event of a potential collision, an
auditory warning is issued by the "Traffic Advisory" (TA). The latter
informs the pilot that another aircraft is close, announcing voice
"traffic, traffic", but does not suggest avoiding action.
However, if the situation worsens and the
collision appears imminent, an audio message and a visual alert is produced by
the "Resolution Advisory" (RA), indicating the aircraft concerned and
reporting the action to be performed by the pilot, namely to maintain the
current trajectory, up, down, or monitor vertical speed. The system is designed
so that the TCAS of the other plane recommends another maneuver (one goes up
and one goes down, it would be absurd that the two aircraft avoid riding both).
Often the TCAS indicates an airplane to go up and the other down, which greatly
increases the distance between the two devices.
When the alert is complete, the system
announces "clear of conflict" (more conflict).
The TCAS system is a questioning, which
questions the nearby aircraft on the frequency 1030 MHz The plane then replies
on 1090 MHz. Collision Avoidance can also be passive, as PCAS or Portable
Collision Avoidance System (portable collision avoidance system), which only
listens to the responses of other devices without issue. This portable system
is typically used in general aviation (mainly business aircraft).
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